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For beginning with www.fluentpython.com 📔🐍
For beginning with Fluent Python, a book about Python version 3.10.

The differences between that book and now 👇🏼

Python 3.13 introduces several new features and improvements compared to Python 3.10. Here are some of the key differences:

1. **Experimental Free-Threaded Mode**:
   - Python 3.13 introduces experimental support for running in a free-threaded mode with the Global Interpreter Lock (GIL) disabled. This feature is not enabled by default and requires a different executable, usually called `python3.13t` or `python3.13t.exe`.

2. **Removal of Chained Classmethod Descriptors**:
   - Support for chained classmethod descriptors, introduced in Python 3.10, has been removed in Python 3.13 due to design flaws that led to several problems. The `__wrapped__` attribute, added in Python 3.10, can be used as an alternative.

3. **Improved Error Messages**:
   - Python 3.13 continues to improve error messages, making them more helpful and precise. This includes enhancements to the "Did you mean" suggestions for misspelled keywords, function names, and module names.

4. **Annotation Scopes**:
   - In Python 3.13, annotations are evaluated in annotation scopes, which behave similarly to function scopes but interact differently with enclosing class scopes. This change is detailed in PEP 695.

5. **Removal of Deprecated Features**:
   - Several features deprecated in Python 3.10 have been removed in Python 3.13, including the `distutils` package and the `smtpd` module. The `configparser` module no longer has a `SafeConfigParser` class, and the `readfp` method has been replaced with `read_file()`.

6. **Performance Improvements**:
   - Python 3.13 includes performance improvements, such as speedups for `isinstance()` checks against runtime-checkable protocols, which can be up to 20 times faster.

7. **JIT Compiler and No-GIL Mode**:
   - Python 3.13 includes the ability to run without the GIL or with a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler, which can significantly improve performance for certain workloads.

8. **Enhanced REPL**:
   - The Read-Eval-Print Loop (REPL) in Python 3.13 has been enhanced to be more user-friendly and editor-like.

9. **Docstring Stripping**:
   - Docstrings in Python 3.13 have their leading indentation stripped, reducing memory usage and the size of `.pyc` files.

10. **Removal of Obsolete Modules**:
    - Python 3.13 has removed several obsolete and unmaintained modules from the standard library, which were marked as deprecated in earlier versions.

These changes highlight the ongoing evolution of Python, with a focus on performance, usability, and modernization of the language.

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